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Denise Brock

Denise has over 30 years of varying experience in the healthcare arena.  In August 2009 she joined The Global Resource for Advancing Cancer Education as one of its first employees.  She has grown with the organization and now oversees the operational movement of programs, efficiency, and effectiveness within the organization, as well as the daily processes and functions.  

 

Lung Cancer Video Library - Spanish Language: Video #6 What is maintenance therapy and why would it be recommended in advanced NSCLC?
¿Cuál es la terapia de mantenimiento? Y ¿Por qué se recomienda en el cáncer pulmonar de células no pequeñas en etapa avanzada?
Author
Denise Brock
 

For our 6th video in the GRACE Spanish Lung Cancer Library, Antonio Calles, MD, Medical Oncologist, Thoracic Oncology Program, Hospital General Universitario, Gregorio Marraron, Madrid, Spain joined GRACE to discuss what is maintenance therapy and why it would be recommended in advanced NSCLC.


 

TRANSCRIPTS - Spanish and English
 

¿Cuál es la terapia de mantenimiento? Y ¿Por qué se recomienda en el cáncer pulmonar de células no pequeñas en etapa avanzada?

La terapia de mantenimiento consiste en extender la administración de quimioterapia más allá del tratamiento inicial. Los oncólogos normalmente administramos una quimioterapia de inducción, combinamos doblete de platino con un agente de tercera generación para tener la mayor tasa de respuesta y un mayor control de la enfermedad de manera precoz.

Sin embargo, no somos capaces de administrar más de 4 a 6 ciclos de quimioterapia por las toxicidades tardías que podrían hacer, limitando así el uso de quimioterapia, aunque el tumor no deje de crecer. El punto aquí es saber si mantener una terapia más suave será capaz de mantener en control la enfermedad en mayor tiempo, es decir, la administración seguida de quimioterapia puede prolongar el control de la enfermedad.

Hay 2 tipos de mantenimiento: el contenido, que consiste en bajar la intensidad de los fármacos, es decir, quitar alguno de los fármacos que estaba recibiendo (normalmente de 2 a 3 fármacos lo reducimos de 1 a 2) y la terapia cruzada que consiste en cambiar el fármaco que estábamos administrando en la inducción, esta terapia también se ha denominado segunda línea precoz porque lo que hacemos es anticipar una progresión con el uso de un nuevo mecanismo de acción con otra quimioterapia.

Recientemente, la terapia de mantenimiento ha mostrado de manera consistente una prolongación del tiempo libre de progresión, es decir, los pacientes que reciben terapia de mantenimiento están durante más tiempo con la enfermedad controlada. No sabemos si eso al final repercute en una mayor supervivencia porque al final muchos pacientes consiguen recibir terapias sucesivas que son muy eficaces. No todos los pacientes son candidatos a recibir la terapia de mantenimiento. Sobre todo se reserva a pacientes que no han tenido efectos secundarios durante la primera línea de tratamiento y quieren obtener el máximo beneficio de una quimioterapia de primera línea para tener la enfermedad más controlada. Sin embargo, hay pacientes que no han tolerado muy bien el tratamiento y han tenido toxicidades y quizás desean un periodo de vacaciones de quimioterapia. En estos pacientes se recomienda en cualquier caso un seguimiento estrecho para detectar de manera precoz una progresión.

Normalmente los agentes de quimioterapia de mantenimiento más utilizados en primera línea de mantenimiento contenido son: para los pacientes que reciben platino con pemetrexed se continua tras 4 ciclos, si hay enfermedad estable o respuesta parcial un tratamiento de pemetrexed cada 3 semanas de manera indefinida. Aquellos pacientes que están recibiendo la triple combinación de carboplatino, paclitaxel y bevacizumab reciben bevacizumab de mantenimiento.

También hay estudios en donde se ve el mantenimiento de gemcitabina cuando es cisplatino-gemcitabina la primera línea. Todos estos estudios demuestran que prolongar la quimioterapia mejora los tiempos libres a la progresión. Algunos estudios de terapias cruzadas, fundamentalmente son docetaxel o erlotinib como primera línea de terapia con otros agentes. Aquí existen más dudas porque lo que estamos haciendo, quizás sea adelantar una segunda línea precoz, y si hiciéramos un seguimiento más exhaustivo de los pacientes que no reciben quimioterapia podríamos tratarlos más exitosamente.

En cualquier caso, la recomendación de la terapia de mantenimiento no se debe de universalizar, se debe de discutir individualmente con cada paciente y su familia, no se debe de aceptar el uso de terapia de mantenimiento de manera generalizada. No todos los pacientes se benefician, los pacientes más indicados son aquellos que no han tenido toxicidades durante la inducción, desean un mayor control de la enfermedad y están dispuestos a venir de manera más regular a hacerse análisis de sangre en el hospital y recibir el tratamiento.


 

What is maintenance therapy? And, why is it recommended in non-small cells lung cancer in advanced stage?

Maintenance therapy consists in extending the administration of chemotherapy beyond the initial treatment. Oncologists usually administrate an induction chemotherapy, we also combine platinum doublets with a third generation agent to obtain a better response and control of the disease in an early stage.

However, we are not capable of administrating more than 4 to 6 cycles of chemotherapy because of late toxicities, so chemotherapy is limited even though the tumor does not stop growing. The key is to know if keeping a mild therapy will be able to control the disease for longer time.

There are 2 type of maintenance therapies: the continuation maintenance in which you decrease the intensity of drugs (from 2 to 3 drugs and reduce it to 1 or 2), and the switch maintenance therapy in which you change the drug. Switch maintenance is a second line approach because what we do is anticipate a progression with the use of a new mechanism in another chemotherapy.

Recently, maintenance therapy has shown consistently a prolongation of free progression time, which means that patients in maintenance therapy are more time with a controlled disease. We don’t know if this will affect the survival rate because at the end, some patients get successive therapies that are very effective. Not all patients are candidates to maintenance therapy. It is mostly reserved for patients who have not had side effects during first line treatment and want greater benefits from a first line chemotherapy and their disease more controlled. But, there are patients who have not tolerated the treatments and have had toxicities and they might want a vacation from chemotherapy. In these patients, we recommend to get a close follow up to detect an early progression.

The most used first line maintenance chemotherapy treatments are: for patients with platinum and pemetrexed it continues for 4 cycles, if there is a stable disease or a partial response to treatment, it should be pemetrexed every 3 weeks indefinitely. Those patients that are getting a triple combination of carboplatin, paclitaxel and bevacizumab receive bevacizumab as maintenance.

There are also studies where maintenance is with gemcitabine when cisplatin-gemcitabine are first line. All these studies show that prolonging chemotherapy improves the free progression time. Some switch maintenance therapy studies include docetaxel or erlotinib as first line with other agents. Here are more doubts because this approach might involve an early advance to second line, and if we made closer follow up, patients without chemotherapy could be treated successfully.

In any case, the recommendation in maintenance therapy should not be universalized, it must be discussed individually with each patient and their family. Not all patients get benefits, so the more suitable are those that have not had toxicities during induction, they want a more controlled disease or are willing to come regularly to get a blood test and treatment.

 

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