This is the first in a series of "uncut" videos that I'm starting that will focus on illustrative cases from my clinic that highlight some broader teaching points.  This particular video is on the decision-making process that led me to recommend adjuvant chemotherapy for a patient who underwent surgery for a 3.5 cm lung adenocarcinoma without lymph node involvement.

As I mentioned in my last post on the recent results on pre-operative (neoadjuvant) chemotherapy, the results of this work failed to achieve statistical significance but did appear to be associated with a degree of benefit comparable to the magnitude of benefit seen with post-operative (adjuvant) chemotherapy, but the neoadjuvant trials were smaller and therefore underpowered.

I'm proud to say that many years ago I sent Dr. Heather Wakelee from Stanford a set of my slides on post-operative therapy for early stage NSCLC -- we' ve been friends since we were both getting started in our careers.

Here's an interview I did a few weeks before ASCO with Dr. Sarita Dubey, medical oncologist at the University of California at San Francisco. This podcast covers a discussion we had about her views on the role of chemotherapy for patients with resected or resectable early stage NSCLC.

Included below is a link to the audio mp3 version, a transcript, a pdf file of figures, and the video version of the podcast (with slides synchronized to the discussion).

In contrast with post-operative chemotherapy, which has become a standard treatment approach to reduce the probability of recurrence of resected stage II and IIIA NSCLC (still pretty controversial for stage IB), pre-operative chemotherapy (also known as neoadjuvant, or induction chemotherapy) is less well studied and isn’t a typical approach.

Over the last several years, chemo for resected early stage NSCLC has become a standard of care, but while it's pretty widely accepted for stage II and IIIA patients after surgery, the role for chemo is much more debatable for stage I patients. I'll try to explain why, starting with the downside, and then turn to some of the reasons to consider it.

Adjuvant chemo has become increasingly established as having a survival advantage, at least for the general population of stage II and IIIA patients, and potentially for some with earlier stage disease (see adjuvant chemo post). However, post-operative radiation therapy, or PORT, does not have an established role.

I've discussed the trials that have led to a general recommendation in favor of chemotherapy after surgery for patients who have stage II and IIIA NSCLC, with some ongoing questions about the value in stage IB NSCLC. I haven't touched the issue of post-operative radiation therapy, but the question comes up from members who ask about the evidence for or against radiation, and how it might be given.

For many patients with early stage, resected NSCLC, chemotherapy after surgery may be a strong consideration to minimize the chance of the cancer returning, in which cases, it is often not possible to cure it. Several clinical trials over the past few years have shown benefits from chemo combinations, but which ones would be the leading considerations now?